《看客》第512期：大会时代

2017-03-20 16:22

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标签：会议工厂工人

会议在中国作为集体主义思潮盛行时期的一种民主的形式，强调的一般都是加强与落实。重庆的老工厂就是那个时代的缩影，工厂是社会的一个中心机构，而会议则是这个机构的一种运营程序，将各种关系合理化。图片由摄影师王远凌、马力整理编辑/刘书琪

《看客》第512期：大会时代

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《看客》第513期：大凉山的孩子

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                "prevue": "会议在中国作为集体主义思潮盛行时期的一种民主的形式，强调的一般都是加强与落实。重庆的老工厂就是那个时代的缩影，工厂是社会的一个中心机构，而会议则是这个机构的一种运营程序，将各种关系合理化。图片由摄影师王远凌、马力整理  编辑/刘书琪",
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                   "note": "会议在中国作为集体主义思潮盛行时期的一种民主的形式，强调的一般都是加强与落实。重庆的老工厂就是那个时代的缩影，工厂是社会的一个中心机构，而会议则是这个机构的一种运营程序，将各种关系合理化。图片由摄影师王远凌、马力整理  编辑/刘书琪",
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                   "note": "中国开会的原因很多在于为了宣扬，贯彻某种思想。在集体主义思潮盛行的时代开会的效用很明显。会议是人们为了解决某个共同的问题或出于不同的目的聚集在一起进行讨论、交流的活动。图为工厂召开的整党动员大会。",
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                   "note": "会议的诞生存在它的必要性：将各种关系合理化；推进一个企业的运营等。图为工人们正在开会学习规章制度，会上工人大都在对着书本认真阅读或进行标记。",
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                   "note": "在中国，有时开会是一种理论灌输的过程，有时是一场感性教育。图为工人领导在“主席台”上发言。",
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                   "note": "有外国人曾称：“中国人是世界上最喜欢开会的民族，有着世界上独一无二的主席台文化。”礼堂的舞台上摆一溜桌子当作“主席台”，领导依次落座，面带严肃，每人面前摆一个茶杯。",
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                   "note": "图为正在召开工厂企整验收汇报会的现场场景。工厂摄影师后将汇报者的现场头像处理在了照片左上角。",
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                   "note": "在这种群体生活的前提下，会议频开，工人活跃度很高，诞生了一大批工厂先进青年。有些会议结束之后与会人员还需要拍摄一张合影留存，以备作宣传用或其它。图为工厂青年工作经验交流会代表合影。",
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                   "note": "工人在那个时代，极强的荣誉感来自于他们所存在的集体，同时工厂和组织会定期对先进、优秀代表进行表彰。旗帜上的那一片红带给了一些工人一段“热血”青春。图为工厂先进党支部优秀党员表彰大会。",
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                   "note": "工厂为了激励工人，有些会议召开时也会颁发奖品。图为表彰会上领导颁发给工人奖品。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDU0LN3R710001",
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                   "note": "图为工厂“最佳好事”评选活动的奖品,多为那个时代的日常生活用品。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDTDFJ3R710001",
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                   "note": "图为团员正在会上学习各种知识和规章制度。后面能看见“高举团旗，跟党走...等字样的红色宣传标语。",
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                ,
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                   "note": "话筒和方桌是大型集体会议象征性符号。图为领导主席台讲话，后面横幅上写着马克思列宁主义。",
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                   "note": "这些大场景的会议它们的共同点是开会的人都没太多表情——皆凝视着前方，偶尔还会爆发集体性的鼓掌。图为开会现场的职工。",
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                   "note": "图为职工开会场景。",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDTF4D3R710001",
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTF4D3R710001.jpg",
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                   "note": "曾有网友提问：“为什么领导开会都喜欢端个杯子？”底下的回答是：“1、讲话多了，易渴。2、开会时间长，会渴。”图为工厂政研会第二届年会。",
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                   "note": "图为职工开会场景，每人身前的桌上都摆放了一个茶杯。",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为开会的休息时间一个职工正在抽烟另一个则双手抱着茶杯。",
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                }
            
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                   "id": "BNSDT0RC3R710001",
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                   "note": "但不同的时代有不同的烙印，茶杯不是开会的固化物，有些时候茶杯也会被汽水代替。图为工厂开会场景，桌子上摆放着汽水，这些汽水均为重庆当地的国营企业生产。",
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                   "note": "工厂召开的大型会议相对比较严肃，形式感较强，而职工自己的办公室例会、组会则随意很多，更多还是为了沟通交流。图为工厂的办公室小型会议，这样的会议呈现出的氛围则更轻松自在。",
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                {
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                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDT9AA3R710001.jpg",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "或者领导小范围的传播上级指示。图为工人正在听领导宣读指示。",
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                {
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                   "note": "其实，不管哪个党派、团体、企业、单位开会总是少不了。因为会议是统一认识、交流思想、安排工作、解决问题的好形式、好方法、好手段，现今也一样，只是时代不同形式也跟着发生了变化。图为小型办公室会议。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "企业开会的目的在于：领导了解各部门的工作情况及进度；各部门沟通交流解决问题；部署工作、督促工作、提高工作效率；传达重要的决策或事情；激励工人士气。图为1989年，工人正在开工作会议。后方的横幅上写的工厂方针为：深化配套改革健全管理秩序，优化产品结构提高质量效益。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDUP603R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUP603R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUP603R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUP603R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUP603R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "厂长作为工厂负责人，生产、效益均由他来管理。为了工厂的长远发展，厂长需要时刻掌握工厂情况，也需要了解工人的需求和难处，所以就有了厂长职工对话会。一般厂长会依次询问工人厂里的境况和他认为存在的问题。图为厂长职工对话会。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDVDCJ3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVDCJ3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVDCJ3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVDCJ3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVDCJ3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "工厂里还有一部分会议是为了优化产品和提升分工人技能存在。图为工厂召开技术审定会。工人们需要在审定会上对领导阐述自己掌握的技能或展示自己制造的产品，由领导进行评定，然后获得级别。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDU4F53R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDU4F53R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDU4F53R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDU4F53R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDU4F53R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为工人在工厂车间进行小型的技术研讨会议。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDVSEG3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVSEG3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVSEG3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVSEG3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVSEG3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "工人在经历完一系列的培训，和审定后，还参加会议进行讨论和总结。图为工厂高级技工培训班结业座谈会。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDV0843R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDV0843R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDV0843R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDV0843R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDV0843R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "工厂的会议也不一定都是正襟危坐，走领导发言的必要流程。工人们对会议也存在一些有趣的“记忆”。图为工厂代表大会子弟校的工人子弟正在会上进行演出。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDUD003R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUD003R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUD003R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUD003R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUD003R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为工厂的七一庆祝大会，会上挂满了彩带。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDVHT93R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVHT93R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVHT93R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVHT93R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVHT93R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为工人开会场景，伴有乐队演奏。一些参会人员正在鼓掌。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDUAPG3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUAPG3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUAPG3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUAPG3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDUAPG3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "中国一些会议结束后会有相应的饭局，有些会议则是直接就在饭桌酒桌上展开。一顿两小时的晚餐，席间可能会伴有一轮又一轮的高酒精的敬酒，你来我往之间关系悄然促进，领导要传递的思想和下达的指令也断断续续说完了。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDVU233R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVU233R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVU233R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVU233R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVU233R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "很多工人成长在工厂，一直生活在工厂及其周边，会议便成为了相伴一生的一种形式。即使工人年老退休时，也还有不同的会议需要参加。图为工厂职工的退休欢送会。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDT2VS3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDT2VS3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDT2VS3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDT2VS3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDT2VS3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "有些会议也不一定在工厂内召开，图为离退休人员会议，在当时的茶馆召开，背后写着自觉遵守茶园的规章制度。桌子上摆着水果茶店和香烟。香烟融入了中国社会人情，在会议上也常扮演着令人意想不到的角色。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDTBKF3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTBKF3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTBKF3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTBKF3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTBKF3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "除了年老的退休工人，工人的子女一样被会议包围着，只是带着更多欢庆娱乐的性质。图为六一儿童节庆祝大会。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDTO1H3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTO1H3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTO1H3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTO1H3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDTO1H3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "工人在那个时代被集体赋予极强的荣誉感，导致工人子弟若能进入工厂工作，成为工二代工三代是一件值得炫耀的事情。图为工厂的年度表彰大会。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSDVLHA3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVLHA3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVLHA3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVLHA3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSDVLHA3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在计划经济时期，国有企业大会频开，有利于团结和管理，但市场经济占主导地位后，这反倒成为了弊端，大会太多，效率低下，过程复杂冗长，导致这些企业难以应对新的时代。图为工厂先进职工在会上宣读倡议书。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BNSGSLVR3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSGSLVR3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSGSLVR3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSGSLVR3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-25/BNSGSLVR3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "大会时代，那是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代，那是工人阶级最光荣的时代。民众已经走入了新的时代，虽依旧有些人被会议包围。这个时代，集体主义思潮不再盛行，一些个体就这样被拉到了世界这个舞台跟前。图为工厂为先进工人拍摄的佩戴表彰红花的荣誉照。",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "BN8MD62R3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-17/BN8MD62R3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-17/BN8MD62R3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-17/BN8MD62R3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2016-05-17/BN8MD62R3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "",
                   "newsurl": "http://news.163.com/special/000113C4/163kanke.html"
                }
            
            ]
        }

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