南非水鸟潜入水下八米捕食

2015-11-13 15:28

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标签：水鸟水下捕食

南非附近海域，海水湛蓝，海豚在水中穿梭嬉戏。一群银色的沙丁鱼在阳光照耀下闪闪发光。一只水鸟从水中掠过，看上去就像一枚长着羽毛的水雷。这种能潜入水下8米捕食的水鸟叫“海角塘鹅”。(编译：六六）

南非水鸟潜入水下八米捕食

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南非摄影师拍摄野生动物剪影

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                "prevue": "南非附近海域，海水湛蓝，海豚在水中穿梭嬉戏。一群银色的沙丁鱼在阳光照耀下闪闪发光。一只水鸟从水中掠过，看上去就像一枚长着羽毛的水雷。这种能潜入水下8米捕食的水鸟叫“海角塘鹅”。(编译：六六）",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅在水下捕食，一只海豚从它身后游过。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅像水雷一样冲入水面。通常应该属于蓝天的鸟类却出现在水中，谁看到这一幕都会感到有点“超现实”。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅将猎物衔在口中，鱼类甚至还没来得及做出反应。海角塘鹅体型庞大，外表优雅，羽毛黑白相间。鸟嘴和面部的深色线条就像是艺术家用画笔画上去的。黑白分明的色泽使海角塘鹅成为摄影师镜头中的常客。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅被水中的气泡包围。海角塘鹅对繁殖地的选择十分挑剔，一般只在周围的六座小岛上产卵：有三座岛位于纳米比亚海域，另外三座在南非海域。海角塘鹅飞行能力极强，能够飞到坦桑尼亚、莫桑比克、尼日利亚、加纳甚至更远的地方。海角塘鹅的幼鸟有时会随着沙丁鱼群的迁徙路径飞行，飞行距离甚至能超过6800公里。曾经有人在澳大利亚西海岸见到过海角塘鹅的身影。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅像轰炸机一样编队飞行，寻觅猎物。海角塘鹅捕鱼能力惊人。例如，他们能从30米高的空中看到猎物。在寻找猎物时，海角塘鹅会成群飞翔在海面上，最多的时候，鸟群中的鸟可多达1000只。发现猎物之后，它们会将翅膀贴近身体，像跳水运动员一样迅速冲向水面。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅展示潜水技能。海角塘鹅俯冲时的速度能够达到120公里/小时。海角塘鹅能够仅凭自身飞行的惯性就潜入水下八米，然后在水中停留三到七秒。",
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                   "note": "搜寻猎物。海角塘鹅会在海上度过自己的壮年期，然后回到海岛繁殖地。雄鸟会划定一块领地，然后通过叫声和点头吸引任何进入该领域的雌鸟。如果雌鸟被雄鸟吸引，雌鸟就会跟着雄鸟一起点头，然后用喙互啄。",
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                   "note": "飞行中的海角塘鹅。雌鸟和雄鸟会在巢穴里轮流孵化鸟蛋。幼鸟破壳而出后，以父母反刍的沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼为食。在学会飞行之前，幼鸟无法躲避天敌的围捕，所以这段时间对海角塘鹅来说无比凶险。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅潜入水中时会在身后留下一串气泡。海角塘鹅目前正面临灭绝的风险，造成这一局面的主要原因就是人类——人类与海角塘鹅争夺食物，导致留给海角塘鹅的食物越来越少。由于人类对沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼的过度捕捞，纳米比亚和南非海域的海角塘鹅急剧减少。",
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                   "note": "由于鱼类减少，海角塘鹅的天敌（如海豹和鹈鹕）仅靠鱼类无法果腹时，就会去捕食海角塘鹅的幼鸟。生物学家指出，鹈鹕也是保护动物之一，现在，这种保护动物要靠吃另外一种保护动物才能得以生存。在马尔加斯岛上，成群的海角塘鹅遭到鹈鹕的围捕。",
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                   "note": "海角塘鹅在潜水的间隙会在海面短暂停留，恢复体力。除了食物短缺，人类造成的污染也是海角塘鹅锐减的原因之一。1993年，一次原油泄露事故导致5000多只海角塘鹅被有毒物质所掩盖。研究人员在海角塘鹅的鸟蛋中也发现了诸如DDT和PBS的污染物残留物。基于上述原因，海角塘鹅的数量在三代之内减少了20%。",
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                   "note": "水中穿梭。目前，海角塘鹅的繁殖地已被列入重要鸟类栖息地（IBAs）。虽然，为了躲避海豹的猎捕，海角塘鹅放弃了曾经的栖息地兰伯特湾，但是，人们已经开始采取措施，吸引海角塘鹅重新回到原来的栖息地，同时想办法阻止海豹接近这些栖息地。",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "无处可藏。",
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        }