《看客》一战特刊之三：战争中的秘密武器

2015-11-16 12:29

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标签：一战战争秘密武器

这是人类科技发展史上最黑暗的一页。一战中，战争双方展示出了人类最残忍的能力。精巧的杀人武器不断更新进化，制造出更大的伤亡。编辑\戈昊怡

《看客》一战特刊之三：战争中的秘密武器

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《看客》第347期：中国大爷

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                   "note": "一战期间，德军在西线战场上用喷火器清理战壕。National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI",
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                   "note": "一战期间，美军正在使用对空监听器。这种监听器是通过收集空中飞行器发动机的声音来识别空袭的。这种对空监听设备在二战中被各国广泛应用。National Archives",
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                   "note": "1915年，加利西亚地区（现分属波兰和乌克兰），一列奥地利军队的装甲列车正在休整。装甲列车的历史可以追溯至美国内战，在一战中被广泛应用。中国军阀内战时期各方也采购了装甲列车投入到作战中。",
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                   "note": "1918年，一名德国士兵正在为一列380mm德军列车炮组装弹药。这列编号为SK L/45的“兰格马克思”的列车炮是由克虏伯设计的，可以射击750公斤的炮弹，射程为34公里。National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI",
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                   "note": "1917年11月，意大利乌迪内附近的村庄内，意大利军队正在部署巨型榴弹炮。一战中交战双方都制造了口径和杀伤力惊人的大炮。National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI",
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                   "note": "一战中德国制造过最大的列车炮是“巴黎大炮”，它的射程达到了惊人的130公里，这门火炮因曾在德国境内炮击了巴黎数次而得名。“巴黎大炮”在一战中由克虏伯公司制造了三门，其中一门最后被炸毁，另外两门和图纸在战败前被一起投入到了熔炉之中，“巴黎大炮”在其秘密图纸被公布前是全世界军工业的“未解之谜”。Hulton Archive/Getty Images/CFP ",
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                {
                   "id": "A0L4IHFO3R710001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "一战开始时，双方的飞机都只用于侦查，双方飞行员在天空中只能互相啐吐沫，扔砖头或互相打手枪丢手榴弹。但随着战事的发展，双方飞行员都开始设法向对方阵地投掷炸弹。图为一战期间，法国飞行员准备往战机上安装炸弹。Hulton Archive/Getty Images/CFP ",
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                   "note": "1917年，德国双翼战机上的飞行员正在往下投掷炸弹。Max Pohly/Getty Images/CFP ",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1915 年，法国飞行员罗朗·加罗斯发明了同轴机枪，即可以在战斗机螺旋桨后布置机枪，利用螺旋桨旋转的空隙射击。 随后加罗斯被俘，德国人将其技术加以改进，发明了机枪协调器，使得德军飞行员在1915年间一度几乎“屠杀”了协约国飞行员。图为1915年一战时期，英国SE-5S战斗机与德国福克D7S战斗机在空中缠斗。Hulton Archive/Getty Images/CFP ",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "同时德国也使用热气球用于侦察敌方动向。图为一名德军士兵正在操纵AE800型热气球侦察敌方动向。Brett Butterworth",
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                ,
                {
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1918年一战期间，一名德国士兵从被敌军飞机摧毁的侦查用热气球里跳伞逃生。Three Lions/Getty Images/CFP ",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IPE13R710001",
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                   "note": "在战争中，双方也会制造一些伪装物以贴近侦察。图为一战中，英军在前线制造了一棵假树，树干中实际上是侦察德军动向的观测器材。Australian official photographs/State Library of New South Wales",
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                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IRI03R710001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "一战中，美军狙击手躲在假的马匹尸体中袭击德军。U.S. Army Signal Corps/Brett Butterworth",
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                }
            
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                {
                   "id": "A0L4IOQU3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IOQU3R710001.JPG",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "一战中，毁灭性最强的兵器毫无疑问是机枪。图为1918年，法国前线，7-8组机枪车正准备奔赴前线。每组车包括一名驾驶员和一名机枪射手。National Library of Scotland",
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                {
                   "id": "A0L4IJQO3R710001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1915年一战期间，法国境内，配备了机枪的运钞车。Hulton Archive/Getty Images/CFP ",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IM8F3R710001",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1915年，在英国海军大臣温斯顿丘吉尔的支持下，英军开始了“陆上巡洋舰”的研究工作。1916年索姆河海战中，英军坦克被投入实战，尽管战绩不佳，但坦克对于德军产生了巨大冲击。图为1917年，法国巴拉姆，澳大利亚或新西兰军队与两辆英军坦克在行军中。随后英军用324辆坦克为前锋发动了康布雷战役，俘虏了7500名德军。National Library of Scotland",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4ISP33R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4ISP33R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4ISP33R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4ISP33R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4ISP33R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在战争中期加入战争的美军制造了更为实用的坦克。图为1918年9月26，法国阿尔贡森林，美军坦克正在行军中。这只装甲部队是由巴顿上校指挥的，他在二战中成为声名显赫的巴顿将军。NARA",
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                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IQ5P3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQ5P3R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQ5P3R710001.JPG",
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                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQ5P3R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "除了机械化的军队，交战双方都在战场上用到了大型的机械装备。图为1918年1月8日，法国前线，德军正在用战壕挖掘机挖掘战壕。尽管大部分地区都可以徒手挖掘战壕，但仍然有些地区只能用技术装备来挖掘。San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4ITT93R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4ITT93R710001.JPG",
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                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1915年4月，德军为了突破法军的战线，首先向法军释放了氯气，大量法军士兵阵亡。随后交战双方开始互相向对方施放毒气，一战中约有10万人死于毒气袭击。图为德军士兵装填毒气弹。National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI",
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                {
                   "id": "A0L4ILVS3R710001",
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                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为一战期间，德军士兵在探空气球上放置毒气弹，以此来轰炸英军阵地。National Archives/Official German Photograph",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IUN73R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IUN73R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IUN73R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IUN73R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IUN73R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1917年，西线弗兰德斯前线，德军士兵在毒气烟雾中发起攻击。 National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IIAN3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IIAN3R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IIAN3R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IIAN3R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IIAN3R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在战争开始时，通讯手段依然非常原始。图为1914年，英军士兵用信鸽传递消息。FPG/Getty Images/CFP ",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IQU33R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQU33R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQU33R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQU33R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IQU33R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "随着战事的不断升级，双方也建设了大量的通信设备。图为一战期间，一名德军军官正在接听野战电话，另外两名士兵正在为其架设电话线。National Archives",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IMSG3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IMSG3R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IMSG3R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IMSG3R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IMSG3R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "图为1917年9月，德军无线电站，士兵们用自行车发电机为无线电站提供电力。National Archive/Official German Photograph of WWI",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IO3Q3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IO3Q3R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IO3Q3R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IO3Q3R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IO3Q3R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "在战争中，双方还动用了大量的动物。图为德军训练的侦察信鸽，它们的脖子上挂载了微信相机以拍摄对方前线的照片。Deutsches Bundesarchiv",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A0L4IKFA3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IKFA3R710001.JPG",
                   "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IKFA3R710001.JPG",
                   "simg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IKFA3R710001.JPG",
                   "oimg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-08/A0L4IKFA3R710001.JPG",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "1915年，英军训练了医疗狗以携带急救用的绷带等急救用品。在一战中，狗还被用于排雷、架设线路等军事用途。Library of Congress",
                   "newsurl": "#"
                }
            
                ,
                {
                   "id": "A074NMGC3R710001",
                   "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-03/A074NMGC3R710001.jpg",
                   "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-03/A074NMGC3R710001.jpg",
                   "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-03/A074NMGC3R710001.jpg",
                   "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2014-07-03/A074NMGC3R710001.jpg",
                   "osize": {},
                   "title": "",
                   "note": "更多网易《看客》，敬请点击查看>>>",
                   "newsurl": "http://news.163.com/insight"
                }
            
            ]
        }

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