《看客》第97期：“广漂”非洲人

2012-08-03 17:12

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《看客》第98期：重访代课教师

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           "note": "在广州，约有20万非洲人，并以每年30%至40%的速度递增着。本地人认为他们语言能力很差，但他们有灵活的经商头脑；本地人认为他们散漫无序，但他们的宗教和社团有着极强的凝聚力；他们，在广州建立起亚洲最大的非洲人社区。编辑/徐松  ",
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           "note": "在中国企业进入非洲寻找资源的时候，非洲商人也来到了“世界工厂”中国。商人们将廉价商品运往非洲，而万里之外的50个非洲国家一件不余地迅速消化掉这些本国生产不出的日用消费品。20世纪90年代末，第一批非洲人来到广州，第一站便是迦南服装城。而现在，以迦南服装城为中心，一公里范围内崛起了许多外贸城。这一带，逐渐被广州人称为“巧克力城”。图为迦南服装城。",
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           "note": "非洲人大部分并不在中国常住，只是经常来往于非洲与中国，少则一年一两次，多则一个月一次。大多数人在自己的国家开着店铺，亲自到广州挑货物运回去。图为几名非洲商人与一名中国商人在讨价还价。",
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           "note": "资金微薄、不注重牌子、爱讨价还价、钟爱低端产品，是大部队非洲商人的特征。久而久之，这些特点令中国商人对他们产生了轻视和不耐烦的心理。“做生意最实际，你看那些欧美人和阿拉伯人就不一样。”一名中国卖主如是说。尽管如此，商贸城的生意每天都很红火；非洲人对于便宜商品的需求也繁荣了广州市郊的加工厂。图为一名中国卖主为一名非洲买主的孩子婴儿擦鼻涕，以此“套近乎”招揽生意。",
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           "note": "在距离商贸城不远的小北，是广州最大的非洲人居住地。许多初来乍到的非洲人会在这一片城中村停留，与几人或者数十人共居一室，在这里开始他们的“淘金生活”。为什么会集体选择小北？一名长期跟踪研究在广非洲人的研究员说：“这里有广州第一家正式的穆斯林餐厅。”而在非洲，信仰伊斯兰教的人占大多数。图为一名非洲青年在大排档吃饭。",
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           "note": "据了解，滞留期超过6个月的非洲人有2万人。但是如果把非法滞留及频繁短期出入境的人加起来，“实际人数”应该在20万左右，这相当于广州户籍人口的2%。而非洲人外贸生意的扩大，也催生了非洲人餐饮、非洲人物流、非洲人中介等周边产业。非洲商人也带来了非洲打工者、非洲服务员。图为本地人对非洲人已见怪不怪。",
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           "note": "“巧克力城”的人们在中午开始一天的工作；晚上，人们便开始了夜生活。哪怕是处于最底层的黑人劳工，也会在这个时候出来消费他们微薄的薪水。实际上，他们之所以喜欢晚上出来活动，主要是为了逃避警察的查证。受签证制度“紧缩”的影响，这里相当数量的非洲劳工，没有合法居留证，签证、护照也大多数过期。图为在大排档喝啤酒的非洲人。",
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           "note": "广州另一个非洲人聚集地，是石室天主教堂。每到周日下午，石室教堂的英语弥撒让人感觉身在非洲。不仅参加弥撒的会众有80%是“黑面孔”，连服务人员也是清一色的非洲青年。有时侯，会有超过1000名非洲人参加弥撒。",
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           "note": "Nelson，尼日利亚人，初到广州过着典型的“提包客”日子——携着几万元来采办货物，完了后将货物全塞在数个个大行李包内，直接坐客机拎回非洲。“运气好的话，不需要超重托运也能上机。”Nelson称自己来广州的机票和货款是靠举家之力凑来的，必须要挣到钱，不然回非洲后会被人看不起。图为Nelson正在一家摩托配件店挑选货物。",
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        {
           "id": "7D852Q983R710001",
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           "note": "Nelson结束了一天的工作，在路上给乞讨的小女孩一点零钱。",
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        {
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           "note": "对于Nelson这样的初来者来说，语言是最大的障碍。这一天，Nelson发现刚采购的一批货中少了几件衬衫，他不知道是不是中国卖主忘记了，想电话询问，却无从开口。语言障碍和文化上的巨大差异常常带来麻烦，这让他很郁闷。图为Nelson在一家非洲餐厅点菜。",
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           "note": "尽管有人称只有15%的非洲人能在广州获得成功，但Nelson认为在中国能有自己的生意算是幸运。还有一部分非洲同胞为了生计到这里打工，到后来连回去的路费都攒不够，还得躲避签证过期后每天500元的滞纳金。图为Nelson在一家打印店冲洗照片，寄给尼日利亚的家人。",
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        {
           "id": "7D852UT73R710001",
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           "note": "Ojukwu Emma，尼日利亚人，与那些住在城中村的非洲人相比，如今已是拥有自己办公室的的少数。同时，Emma还担任了广州尼日利亚人社团的“头儿”。图为Emma与自己的中国员工在办公室里，身后是香港特别行政区区旗、尼日利亚国旗和中国国旗。",
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           "img": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/900x600_7D872C2B3R710001.jpg",
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           "title": "",
           "note": "社团由尼日利亚大使馆授权，由于尼日利亚人在广州人数众多，社团帮助他们能够更好地处理一些事情，比如为生病的同胞筹集治疗费用，帮初来乍到的同胞安排住处等。Emma说社团不仅帮本国人，还帮助与非洲人产生纷争的中国人及其他国家的人。图为一名中国商人在Emma的帮助下，讨回了被骗走的货款。Emma说：“社团领导并不好当，付出比收获要多得多。”",
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           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/900x600_7D85311G3R710001.jpg",
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           "note": "绝大多数在广州做生意的非洲人以国家为单位，都有自己的社团和首领。他们称谓不一，有的叫“主席”，有的叫“领导”。他们大多年龄较长，教育程度高，生意也比较成功。",
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           "id": "7D8532643R710001",
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           "note": "这些非洲商人成功的首要原因，被认为是“讲诚信，按中国的规矩办事”。图为尼日利亚人社团一次聚会上，一名商人的手表上印有代表象征中国的“五星”。",
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        {
           "id": "7D8533HK3R710001",
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           "note": "甚至有一些非洲老板，凭他们的才干和一定的经济基础，在广州娶妻生子，在中国扎下了根。图为一名非洲商人和他的中国妻子。",
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           "note": "然而，大多数非洲人仍然生活在自己的小圈子中，他们认为中国人很难接触，彼此很难成为朋友。一名非洲商人说：“家里人问我在中国看到了什么，我说我只看到了牛仔裤和黑人。”在美联社前驻非记者Arnold看来，中国对非洲人并不存在种族意义上的歧视，“所谓的歧视，不过是类似于城里人对没钱又不懂规矩的乡下人的嫌弃罢了。”图为大排档上的中国人和非洲人。",
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           "note": "一名十分了解非洲人的中国人说：非洲人怕警察，所以尽量避免与警察打交道，按要求他们应该在进入广州的24小时内到外国人管理服务工作站登记，但他们有这个畏惧心理，所以就不去登记，这样反而给自己带来麻烦。图为一名警察在查非洲人的身份。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "7D85380Q3R710001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/900x600_7D85380Q3R710001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/t_7D85380Q3R710001.jpg",
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           "oimg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/7D85380Q3R710001.jpg",
           "osize": {},
           "title": "",
           "note": "2009年7月，一名黑人在试图躲避广州警方查证过程中，不慎从约18米的高楼坠楼身亡。这一事件引发数百名黑人次日聚集在派出所门口，与警方对峙。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "7D8539KP3R710001",
           "img": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/900x600_7D8539KP3R710001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img3.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/t_7D8539KP3R710001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/100x75_7D8539KP3R710001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img5.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/7D8539KP3R710001.jpg",
           "osize": {},
           "title": "",
           "note": "此时，广州的非洲人们开始发出了自己的声音。图为一名非洲人在对峙过程当中竖中指。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "7D853AQR3R710001",
           "img": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/900x600_7D853AQR3R710001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/t_7D853AQR3R710001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/100x75_7D853AQR3R710001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-09-06/7D853AQR3R710001.jpg",
           "osize": {},
           "title": "",
           "note": "一个街头照相摊上上贴着几张非洲人的留念照。尽管进入中国的签证很难办；尽管在中国仍然要遭人白眼，但赴广州的非洲人每年仍以30%至40%的速度递增着。有报告称，越来越多的非洲人通过广州，逐渐深入到北京、上海等城市。",
           "newsurl": "#"
        },
        {
           "id": "7CQHT9K700AH0001",
           "img": "http://img6.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-08-31/900x600_7CQHT9K700AH0001.jpg",
           "timg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-08-31/t_7CQHT9K700AH0001.jpg",
           "simg": "http://img4.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-08-31/100x75_7CQHT9K700AH0001.jpg",
           "oimg": "http://img2.cache.netease.com/photo/0001/2011-08-31/7CQHT9K700AH0001.jpg",
           "osize": {},
           "title": "",
           "note": "更多网易《看客》，敬请点击查看>>>",
           "newsurl": "http://news.163.com/special/000113C4/163kanke.html"
        } 
    ]
}